➕ Operators in Java

Operators in Java are symbols used to perform operations on variables and values. Java supports a rich set of operators used in expressions to manipulate data and control program logic.

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🧮 What is an Operator?

An operator performs a specific action on one or more operands.

java
int sum = 10 + 5; // '+' is an operator

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🗂️ Categories of Java Operators

Category	Description
Arithmetic	Basic math operations
Relational (Comparison)	Compare two values
Logical	Combine boolean expressions
Assignment	Assign values
Unary	Operate on a single operand
Bitwise	Operate on bits
Ternary	Short form of if-else
Shift	Shift bits left/right

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1️⃣ Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	a + b
-	Subtraction	a - b
*	Multiplication	a * b
/	Division	a / b
%	Modulus (remainder)	a % b

java
int x = 10, y = 3;
System.out.println(x % y); // Output: 1

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2️⃣ Relational (Comparison) Operators

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal to	a == b
!=	Not equal to	a != b
>	Greater than	a > b
<	Less than	a < b
>=	Greater than or equal to	a >= b
<=	Less than or equal to	a <= b

java
System.out.println(5 > 3); // true

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3️⃣ Logical Operators

Operator	Description	Example
&&	Logical AND	a > 0 && b > 0
`		`
!	Logical NOT	!(a > 0)

java
boolean result = (5 > 3) && (8 > 5); // true

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4️⃣ Assignment Operators

Operator	Example	Equivalent To
=	a = 10	assign 10 to a
+=	a += 5	a = a + 5
-=	a -= 3	a = a - 3
*=	a *= 2	a = a * 2
/=	a /= 4	a = a / 4
%=	a %= 2	a = a % 2

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5️⃣ Unary Operators

Operator	Description	Example
+	Positive	+a
-	Negative	-a
++	Increment	a++ or ++a
--	Decrement	a-- or --a
!	Boolean NOT	!true = false

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6️⃣ Ternary Operator

Shorthand for if-else.

java
int age = 18;
String result = (age >= 18) ? "Adult" : "Minor";
System.out.println(result); // Output: Adult

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7️⃣ Bitwise Operators (Advanced)

Operator	Description	Example
&	AND	a & b
`	`	OR
^	XOR	a ^ b
~	NOT	~a
<<	Left shift	a << 2
>>	Right shift	a >> 2

Used mostly in low-level or performance-sensitive code.

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🧪 Code Example

java
public class OperatorExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a = 10, b = 5;
        System.out.println("Sum: " + (a + b));
        System.out.println("Is a > b? " + (a > b));
        System.out.println("Is either a > b or b > 10? " + (a > b || b > 10));
    }
}

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🧾 Summary Table

Type	Operators
Arithmetic	+, -, *, /, %
Relational	==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
Logical	&&, `
Assignment	=, +=, -=, etc.
Unary	++, --, -, +, !
Ternary	condition ? true : false
Bitwise	&, `