🔁 Java Control Statements

Control statements in Java determine the flow of execution in a program. They allow decisions, loops, and branching, making your programs dynamic and intelligent.

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🧭 Types of Control Statements

1. Decision-making statements – if, if-else, switch

2. Looping statements – for, while, do-while

3. Jumping statements – break, continue, return

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1️⃣ Decision-Making Statements

✅ if Statement

Executes a block if a condition is true.

java
if (marks > 40) {
    System.out.println("Passed");
}

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🔄 if-else Statement

Executes one of two blocks depending on the condition.

java
if (marks >= 40) {
    System.out.println("Passed");
} else {
    System.out.println("Failed");
}

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🔀 if-else-if Ladder

Used when you have multiple conditions.

java
if (marks >= 90) {
    System.out.println("Grade A");
} else if (marks >= 75) {
    System.out.println("Grade B");
} else {
    System.out.println("Grade C");
}

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🧪 switch Statement

Selects one of many code blocks based on a variable’s value.

java
int day = 3;
switch(day) {
    case 1: System.out.println("Monday"); break;
    case 2: System.out.println("Tuesday"); break;
    case 3: System.out.println("Wednesday"); break;
    default: System.out.println("Invalid day");
}

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2️⃣ Looping Statements

🔁 for Loop

Used when the number of iterations is known.

java
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    System.out.println("Count: " + i);
}

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🔄 while Loop

Used when the condition is checked before loop execution.

java
int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
    System.out.println("Count: " + i);
    i++;
}

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↩️ do-while Loop

Executes the block at least once, then checks the condition.

java
int i = 1;
do {
    System.out.println("Count: " + i);
    i++;
} while (i <= 5);

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3️⃣ Jumping Statements

⛔ break

Exits from a loop or switch.

java
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
    if (i == 5) break;
    System.out.println(i);
}

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⏭️ continue

Skips the current iteration.

java
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    if (i == 3) continue;
    System.out.println(i);
}

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🔚 return

Ends the current method and optionally returns a value.

java
public int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

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🧪 Sample Program

java
public class ControlExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int number = 3;

        switch(number) {
            case 1: System.out.println("One"); break;
            case 2: System.out.println("Two"); break;
            default: System.out.println("Other");
        }

        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
            System.out.println("Loop: " + i);
        }
    }
}

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📌 Summary Table

Statement	Purpose
if / else	Conditional execution
switch	Multiple conditions
for, while, do-while	Repeating actions
break, continue	Controlling loop execution
return	Exiting a method