200+ frequently asked Selenium interview questions.

 Here’s a list of 200+ frequently asked Selenium interview questions. These are common questions that cover a broad range of topics in Selenium.

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Basic Selenium Questions:

1. What is Selenium, and how does it work?
2. What are the main components of Selenium?
3. What are the advantages of using Selenium over other automation tools?
4. What is Selenium WebDriver?
5. What is the difference between Selenium RC and WebDriver?
6. What are locators in Selenium?
7. What are different types of locators in Selenium?
8. How do you identify elements on a webpage using Selenium?
9. What is XPath in Selenium?
10. What is the difference between absolute XPath and relative XPath?
11. How do you handle alerts and pop-ups in Selenium?
12. How do you handle frames in Selenium?
13. What are the types of waits available in Selenium?
14. What is the difference between implicit wait and explicit wait?
15. How do you handle dropdowns in Selenium?
16. How do you take screenshots using Selenium WebDriver?
17. How do you handle dynamic elements in Selenium?
18. What is the use of findElement() and findElements() methods in Selenium?
19. What is a WebDriver driver (like ChromeDriver or GeckoDriver)?
20. What is cross-browser testing in Selenium?
21. How do you perform browser navigation in Selenium?
22. What is the difference between get() and navigate() methods in WebDriver?
23. How do you upload a file in Selenium?
24. How do you handle multiple windows in Selenium?
25. How do you handle AJAX calls in Selenium?

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Intermediate Selenium Questions:

26. What is the Page Object Model (POM)?
27. What is TestNG, and why is it used with Selenium?
28. What is the difference between assert and verify commands?
29. How do you perform data-driven testing in Selenium?
30. What is the use of the select class in Selenium?
31. What are the challenges in handling AJAX elements in Selenium?
32. How do you maximize the browser window in Selenium?
33. How do you scroll down a webpage in Selenium?
34. How do you refresh a webpage using Selenium WebDriver?
35. How do you handle cookies in Selenium?
36. How do you handle mouse hover actions in Selenium?
37. What is the difference between isDisplayed(), isEnabled(), and isSelected() in Selenium?
38. How do you handle drag and drop in Selenium?
39. How do you switch between browser tabs in Selenium?
40. How do you handle timeouts in Selenium?
41. What is the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit()?
42. How do you handle StaleElementReferenceException in Selenium?
43. How do you perform right-click in Selenium WebDriver?
44. What is WebDriverWait in Selenium?
45. What is FluentWait in Selenium?
46. What are some common exceptions in Selenium WebDriver?
47. How do you handle elements that are not clickable in Selenium?
48. How do you execute JavaScript in Selenium?
49. What is a headless browser, and how do you run Selenium tests in headless mode?
50. How do you handle SSL certificates in Selenium?

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Advanced Selenium Questions:

51. What is Selenium Grid, and how does it work?
52. How do you perform parallel testing in Selenium?
53. How do you run tests in different browsers simultaneously using Selenium Grid?
54. What are the advantages of using Selenium Grid?
55. How do you set up a hub and node in Selenium Grid?
56. How do you handle database testing in Selenium?
57. How do you integrate Selenium with other testing tools like JUnit or TestNG?
58. How do you handle the Chrome DevTools Protocol in Selenium?
59. What is the difference between remote WebDriver and local WebDriver?
60. How do you automate CAPTCHA in Selenium?
61. How do you validate broken links in Selenium?
62. What is the difference between SoftAssert and HardAssert in TestNG?
63. How do you generate reports in TestNG?
64. How do you handle file downloads using Selenium WebDriver?
65. How do you manage dependencies in Selenium using Maven?
66. How do you run Selenium tests in Jenkins?
67. What is the use of the executeScript() method in Selenium?
68. How do you handle asynchronous scripts in Selenium?
69. How do you handle browser zoom in Selenium?
70. What is the best way to write maintainable and scalable Selenium test scripts?
71. How do you handle proxy settings in Selenium?
72. How do you perform mobile web automation with Selenium?
73. How do you handle iframes in Selenium?
74. What is the role of DesiredCapabilities in Selenium?
75. How do you capture network traffic in Selenium WebDriver?

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TestNG and Selenium Grid Questions:

76. What are the benefits of using TestNG with Selenium?
77. What are TestNG annotations, and how do you use them?
78. How do you create a TestNG test suite?
79. How do you prioritize test cases in TestNG?
80. How do you perform parameterization in TestNG?
81. How do you skip test cases in TestNG?
82. How do you run multiple test suites in TestNG?
83. What is a TestNG listener, and how do you implement it?
84. How do you run TestNG tests in parallel?
85. How do you generate custom test reports using TestNG?
86. How do you handle retrying failed tests in TestNG?

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Selenium Best Practices and Debugging:

87. What are some best practices for writing Selenium test scripts?
88. How do you debug Selenium scripts?
89. How do you handle synchronization issues in Selenium?
90. How do you ensure the reusability of Selenium test scripts?
91. What are the best ways to optimize Selenium test execution?
92. What are some common issues faced while working with Selenium, and how do you overcome them?
93. How do you handle pop-ups that cannot be detected by WebDriver?
94. How do you handle NoSuchElementException in Selenium?
95. How do you handle WebDriver exceptions in Selenium?
96. How do you optimize waits in Selenium to reduce test run times?
97. How do you maintain test data in Selenium?
98. How do you handle large-scale test automation with Selenium?

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Miscellaneous Selenium Questions:

99. What is the use of JavascriptExecutor in Selenium?
100. How do you handle alerts with the Alert interface in Selenium?
101. How do you validate the existence of an element in Selenium?
102. What is an implicit wait, and how do you implement it in Selenium?
103. What is an explicit wait, and how is it different from implicit wait?
104. How do you test dynamic content using Selenium?
105. How do you validate if an image is properly loaded on a webpage using Selenium?
106. How do you integrate Selenium with continuous integration tools like Jenkins?
107. How do you handle browser notifications in Selenium?
108. How do you use assertions in Selenium?
109. How do you set cookies using Selenium WebDriver?
110. What are the limitations of Selenium WebDriver?

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Behavioral and Conceptual Questions:

111. What are the key differences between automation and manual testing?
112. What are the benefits of automated testing?
113. When would you choose manual testing over automation?
114. What are some of the biggest challenges in test automation?
115. How do you manage the Selenium test scripts in a team environment?

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Basic to Intermediate Selenium Questions:

1. What is the difference between getText() and getAttribute() in Selenium?
2. How do you check if an element is visible on the page in Selenium?
3. How do you handle date pickers in Selenium?
4. How do you select multiple options from a multi-select dropdown in Selenium?
5. What is a hybrid framework in Selenium?
6. How do you verify a tooltip in Selenium?
7. How do you verify the title of a webpage in Selenium?
8. What is the difference between findElement() and findElements()?
9. How do you handle checkboxes and radio buttons in Selenium?
10. What is the use of Actions class in Selenium?
11. How do you perform keyboard operations in Selenium?
12. How do you perform double-click in Selenium?
13. How do you capture the page source of a webpage in Selenium?
14. What is the difference between a WebElement and By in Selenium?
15. How do you validate an element is enabled or disabled in Selenium?
16. How do you handle broken images in Selenium?
17. How do you handle read-only fields in Selenium?
18. How do you handle hidden elements in Selenium?
19. What is the use of Robot class in Selenium?
20. How do you handle window resizing in Selenium?

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Advanced Selenium and WebDriver Questions:

21. What is the use of DesiredCapabilities in Selenium?
22. How do you handle geolocation in Selenium?
23. How do you handle browser cookies in Selenium?
24. What is the difference between driver.navigate().refresh() and driver.get(driver.getCurrentUrl())?
25. How do you handle authentication pop-ups in Selenium?
26. What is WebDriver's architecture?
27. How do you simulate pressing the Enter key in Selenium?
28. How do you switch back to the main document from an iframe in Selenium?
29. How do you work with shadow DOM in Selenium?
30. How do you perform browser back and forward navigation using Selenium?
31. What are Alert interfaces, and how are they used?
32. How do you check the browser's console logs using Selenium?
33. How do you simulate browser window maximize and minimize using Selenium?
34. How do you click a hidden element in Selenium?
35. How do you upload a file using sendKeys() in Selenium?
36. What is the use of JavascriptExecutor?
37. How do you highlight elements in Selenium?
38. What are the possible return types of executeScript()?
39. How do you handle pagination in Selenium?
40. How do you deal with scrolling elements in Selenium?

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Handling Different Scenarios in Selenium:

41. How do you handle timeout exceptions in Selenium?
42. How do you handle AJAX-based dynamic content loading in Selenium?
43. How do you perform localization testing using Selenium?
44. How do you validate the visibility of elements after scrolling?
45. How do you handle multi-browser compatibility issues in Selenium?
46. How do you test responsiveness using Selenium?
47. How do you ensure browser zoom does not affect the test results in Selenium?
48. How do you handle pop-ups triggered by page unload events in Selenium?
49. How do you simulate a browser crash during a Selenium test?
50. How do you bypass SSL certificate warnings using Selenium?

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Selenium Grid and Parallel Testing:

51. What is the purpose of Selenium Grid?
52. How do you configure Selenium Grid for distributed testing?
53. What are the advantages of using Selenium Grid?
54. How do you run tests on a specific node in Selenium Grid?
55. How do you set up multiple browsers in Selenium Grid?
56. What is the difference between a Hub and a Node in Selenium Grid?
57. What are the challenges in running parallel tests using Selenium Grid?
58. How do you capture screenshots on failure using Selenium Grid?
59. What is the use of RemoteWebDriver in Selenium Grid?
60. How do you handle test data when running tests in parallel in Selenium?

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Selenium Integration with Other Tools:

61. How do you integrate Selenium with Jenkins for Continuous Integration (CI)?
62. How do you trigger Selenium tests automatically using Jenkins?
63. How do you integrate Selenium with Maven?
64. What is the use of a POM (Project Object Model) file in Maven?
65. How do you handle dependencies in a Maven project for Selenium?
66. How do you generate HTML reports using TestNG in Selenium?
67. How do you use ANT with Selenium?
68. How do you integrate Selenium with JUnit?
69. How do you log test results using Log4j in Selenium?
70. How do you capture test results using Allure reports with Selenium?

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Selenium Framework Development:

71. What is the importance of a framework in Selenium automation?
72. How do you develop a data-driven framework in Selenium?
73. What is a keyword-driven framework, and how do you implement it in Selenium?
74. What are the advantages of using a hybrid framework in Selenium?
75. How do you manage test data for Selenium automation?
76. How do you handle reusable components in Selenium frameworks?
77. How do you create a Page Factory in Selenium?
78. How do you implement an object repository in Selenium?
79. How do you manage test case prioritization in Selenium frameworks?
80. How do you ensure scalability in a Selenium automation framework?

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Handling Elements and Web Interactions in Selenium:

81. How do you handle a modal dialog box in Selenium?
82. How do you check if an element is clickable in Selenium?
83. How do you handle auto-complete fields in Selenium?
84. How do you validate if a field accepts only specific types of data in Selenium?
85. How do you work with elements inside an iframe using Selenium?
86. How do you select a random value from a dropdown using Selenium?
87. How do you handle date fields in Selenium?
88. How do you handle tooltip text in Selenium?
89. How do you validate dynamic web tables in Selenium?
90. How do you click a link based on partial text using Selenium?

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Selenium Exception Handling:

91. What are the common exceptions encountered in Selenium WebDriver?
92. How do you handle NoSuchElementException in Selenium?
93. How do you handle TimeoutException in Selenium?
94. How do you handle ElementNotVisibleException in Selenium?
95. How do you resolve StaleElementReferenceException in Selenium?
96. What is a WebDriverException, and how do you resolve it?
97. How do you handle InvalidElementStateException?
98. How do you prevent ElementClickInterceptedException from occurring?
99. How do you handle ElementNotSelectableException in Selenium?
100. How do you debug test failures caused by exceptions in Selenium?

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Mobile Testing with Selenium:

101. What is Appium, and how does it relate to Selenium?
102. How do you perform mobile web testing using Selenium?
103. What are the limitations of using Selenium for mobile testing?
104. How do you configure Appium to run Selenium tests on a mobile device?
105. How do you inspect elements on a mobile browser using Appium?

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Selenium Performance and Optimization:

106. How do you optimize Selenium test execution time?
107. How do you reduce flakiness in Selenium tests?
108. How do you run Selenium tests in headless mode to improve performance?
109. How do you use explicit waits efficiently to avoid long waits?
110. How do you handle high-latency pages while running Selenium tests?
111. How do you implement retry logic for failed Selenium tests?
112. How do you run large Selenium test suites in parallel to save time?

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Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) with Selenium:

113. What is BDD, and how does it differ from TDD in Selenium?
114. How do you implement Cucumber with Selenium?
115. How do you write Gherkin syntax for Selenium scenarios in Cucumber?
116. How do you integrate Selenium with BDD frameworks like JBehave?
117. What is the role of feature files in Cucumber with Selenium?

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Miscellaneous Selenium Questions:

118. What are the limitations of Selenium WebDriver?
119. How do you handle browser crashes during test execution?
120. How do you handle large data sets in Selenium?
121. What is the role of CSS Selectors in Selenium automation?
122. How do you ensure that your Selenium scripts work in all environments?
123. How do you validate that a page has completely loaded in Selenium?
124. How do you automate UI changes using Selenium without modifying the test scripts?
125. How do you manage browser versions and driver compatibility in Selenium?

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